Latvia · Citizenship
Latvian Citizenship for Founders
Founders can naturalize in Latvia once they have held permanent residence status for five years. The process tests Latvian, history, culture and the Constitution, and dual citizenship is possible only with a defined list of allied and partner countries.
- Startup route
- Startup visa (start-up temporary residence permit)
- Minimum capital
- No fixed minimum; year-one funding or progress report
- Permanent residence
- 5 years of legal residence
- Citizenship
- 5 years after obtaining permanent status
Naturalization
Naturalization in Latvia is handled by the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs. Applicants must be at least 15 years old, prove five years of residence in Latvia counted from obtaining a permanent residence permit or permanent status, show a legal source of income and pay the state fee. They sit a Latvian language test and a test on the national anthem, the basics of Latvian history and culture and the principles of the Satversme, the Latvian Constitution. Each test may be taken up to three times. People with certain criminal convictions, links to terrorism or anti-state activity, or unpaid state obligations cannot naturalize.
- Residence period
- 5 years after permanent residence status
- Tests
- Latvian language; anthem, history, culture and Satversme
- Minimum age
- 15
- Retakes
- Up to 3 attempts per test
- Dual citizenship
- Only with EU, EFTA, NATO, Australia, Brazil or New Zealand
Requirements
- Age 15 or older.
- Five years of residence counted from receipt of permanent residence or long-term resident status.
- Passed tests in Latvian and on the anthem, history, culture and constitutional principles.
- A legal source of income and payment of the state fee.
- Renunciation of any citizenship that is not on the permitted list.
- No disqualifying convictions, anti-state activity or unpaid state obligations.
How to apply
- Reach five years of residence after obtaining permanent status.
- Apply to OCMA for naturalization and pay the state fee.
- Pass the Latvian language test and the test on the anthem, history, culture and the Satversme.
- Provide proof of renouncing a non-permitted citizenship where this applies.
Which second citizenships Latvia accepts
Latvia's Citizenship Law lets a naturalized citizen keep another citizenship only if it belongs to a European Union or European Free Trade Association member, a NATO member, Australia, Brazil or New Zealand. Citizens of other countries must renounce. The law also provides for bilateral dual-citizenship agreements, but none is currently in force, and the Cabinet may approve exceptions where important national interests are at stake. A founder holding Indian or Chinese citizenship would therefore have to give it up, while a founder from Canada or the United States, both NATO members, could keep it.
Questions and answers
How long does it take a founder to become Latvian?
The minimum is roughly ten years from arrival: at least five years on temporary residence permits to obtain permanent status, then five more years with that status before applying for naturalization. Test preparation and the processing of the application come on top of that period.
Are any applicants exempt from the naturalization tests?
Applicants aged 65 or over are exempt from the written part of the language test, and some people with disabilities are exempt from some or all tests. Everyone else sits the Latvian language test and the test on the anthem, history, culture and constitutional principles, with up to three attempts each.
Can Latvian citizenship be bought?
No. Latvia has no citizenship-by-investment program. Investors who want a Latvian passport follow the standard sequence of temporary residence, EU long-term resident status after five years and naturalization after five more years, including the language and civics tests.
Official sources
- Naturalisation - OCMAwww.pmlp.gov.lv
- Examinations determined in the Citizenship Law - OCMAwww.pmlp.gov.lv
- Dual citizenship - OCMAwww.pmlp.gov.lv
Reviewed October 2026. Immigration rules change often. Confirm the current requirements with the official authority or a licensed adviser before applying.
Your path in Latvia.
Startup visa
Residence permit of up to 3 years for up to 5 founders of one startup
02Temporary residence
Yearly progress reporting; investor permits now run up to 2 years
03Permanent residence
EU long-term resident status after 5 years, with Latvian language
04Citizenship
5 years after permanent status; tests on language, history and Satversme