Startup Visa Program

Latvia · Citizenship

Latvian Citizenship for Founders

Founders can naturalize in Latvia once they have held permanent residence status for five years. The process tests Latvian, history, culture and the Constitution, and dual citizenship is possible only with a defined list of allied and partner countries.

OpenReviewed October 2026Stage 4 of 4
Startup route
Startup visa (start-up temporary residence permit)
Minimum capital
No fixed minimum; year-one funding or progress report
Permanent residence
5 years of legal residence
Citizenship
5 years after obtaining permanent status
OpenOffice of Citizenship and Migration Affairs (OCMA)

Naturalization

Naturalization in Latvia is handled by the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs. Applicants must be at least 15 years old, prove five years of residence in Latvia counted from obtaining a permanent residence permit or permanent status, show a legal source of income and pay the state fee. They sit a Latvian language test and a test on the national anthem, the basics of Latvian history and culture and the principles of the Satversme, the Latvian Constitution. Each test may be taken up to three times. People with certain criminal convictions, links to terrorism or anti-state activity, or unpaid state obligations cannot naturalize.

Residence period
5 years after permanent residence status
Tests
Latvian language; anthem, history, culture and Satversme
Minimum age
15
Retakes
Up to 3 attempts per test
Dual citizenship
Only with EU, EFTA, NATO, Australia, Brazil or New Zealand

Requirements

  • Age 15 or older.
  • Five years of residence counted from receipt of permanent residence or long-term resident status.
  • Passed tests in Latvian and on the anthem, history, culture and constitutional principles.
  • A legal source of income and payment of the state fee.
  • Renunciation of any citizenship that is not on the permitted list.
  • No disqualifying convictions, anti-state activity or unpaid state obligations.

How to apply

  1. Reach five years of residence after obtaining permanent status.
  2. Apply to OCMA for naturalization and pay the state fee.
  3. Pass the Latvian language test and the test on the anthem, history, culture and the Satversme.
  4. Provide proof of renouncing a non-permitted citizenship where this applies.

Which second citizenships Latvia accepts

Latvia's Citizenship Law lets a naturalized citizen keep another citizenship only if it belongs to a European Union or European Free Trade Association member, a NATO member, Australia, Brazil or New Zealand. Citizens of other countries must renounce. The law also provides for bilateral dual-citizenship agreements, but none is currently in force, and the Cabinet may approve exceptions where important national interests are at stake. A founder holding Indian or Chinese citizenship would therefore have to give it up, while a founder from Canada or the United States, both NATO members, could keep it.

Questions and answers

How long does it take a founder to become Latvian?

The minimum is roughly ten years from arrival: at least five years on temporary residence permits to obtain permanent status, then five more years with that status before applying for naturalization. Test preparation and the processing of the application come on top of that period.

Are any applicants exempt from the naturalization tests?

Applicants aged 65 or over are exempt from the written part of the language test, and some people with disabilities are exempt from some or all tests. Everyone else sits the Latvian language test and the test on the anthem, history, culture and constitutional principles, with up to three attempts each.

Can Latvian citizenship be bought?

No. Latvia has no citizenship-by-investment program. Investors who want a Latvian passport follow the standard sequence of temporary residence, EU long-term resident status after five years and naturalization after five more years, including the language and civics tests.

Official sources

Reviewed October 2026. Immigration rules change often. Confirm the current requirements with the official authority or a licensed adviser before applying.